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By understanding the difference between renovation and repair, it is also important to recognize the signs that can help us indicate when a building needs repair work. Most of the time, it starts with small signs, such as cracks in the wall, dripping ceilings, or flickering lights. While these issues might seem minor at first, but they can grow into bigger problems if not addressed promptly. This is where repairs comes into play, providing quick fixes to restore things back to working order without the need for major changes.

1. 1. 1. Cracks in Structure
         

         Figure 1: Crack in Wall [5]

         Building defects often manifest as cracks in walls, ceilings, or foundations. This crack can be categorised into two types, which are hairline and structural cracks. Hairline cracks are typically non-critical and are confined to the surface, while structural cracks can compromise the building’s integrity of the building [5]. Surface cracks may be manageable with DIY repairs, but significant structural cracks usually require professional intervention to ensure safety and stability.

      2. Roof Damage
         

         Figure 2: Damaged Roof [6]

         The roof can be considered as first line of defence against water seepage from above. One of its main functions is to prevent rain from infiltrating the building. Typical signs of roof damage include missing or broken tiles and a sagging roof structure, both of which can result in significant structural problems if left unaddressed [5]. The repair work can often be as simple as replacing the missing tiles to cover the gap from water infiltration. On the other hand, if the issue involves sagging roof or major damage, then professional help is required.
         

      3. Pipe Leakage
         

         Figure 3: Burst Pipe [7]

         Leaks occur when water pipes within a building are damaged or compromised, allowing water to seep into walls, ceilings, and floors [8]. If addressed promptly, this damage can be considered minor, however, if left unattended for a prolonged period, the leaking water can cause significant issues as it seeps through and damages the surrounding structure.
         

      4. Electrical Malfunction
         

         Figure 4: Repairing Distribution Box [9]

         Electrical malfunction can be challenging for those who attempt to repair them on their own because it required a basic understanding of electrical systems before they can initiate the repair work. Electrical faults may arise from improper handling, excessive loads, or environmental factors such as lightning [10]. If not addressed properly, electrical damage can create a fire hazard. For this reason, most repair work is carried out by licensed electricians to ensure a safe working environment.